Before beginning their AP Art & Design portfolio, students should carefully map out their Sustained Investigation using thumbnail sketches and written planning notes. Thumbnail sketches allow students to quickly explore multiple compositions, focal points, and visual flow without committing to a final image too early. Alongside each sketch, students should write brief notes explaining their concept or guiding question, medium and material choices, intended textures or techniques, and composition strategies such as balance, contrast, depth, and movement. This planning process helps students make intentional artistic decisions, experiment thoughtfully, and ensure that each piece clearly connects to their overall investigation. Mapping the portfolio in advance demonstrates purposeful art making, supports experimentation and growth, and aligns directly with College Board expectations for a strong AP portfolio.